Direct bonding (DB) is the basic technique for fixed appliance placement and is used worldwide.

Impertinent placement of brackets may lead to unnecessary tooth movement, including impertinent torque, rotation, inclination, or intrusion/extrusion. The results of this study can provide practical guidelines for placing brackets with 3D-printed IDBS on the entire dentition to ensure the precision and accuracy of their use during orthodontic treatments.Īs the actuating apparatus and force transmission devices of orthodontic treatment, brackets need to be placed in an opportune position to provide mechanical effects with treatment wires. Patients with hyperdivergent skeletal patterns had higher rates of bracket bonding failure. Sex, age, and treatment stage were affected by IDBS.

The accuracy of IDBS was higher in the premolars and molars. Anterior teeth had a higher position error rate, and mandibular anterior teeth had a higher bonding failure rate. The bonding failure rate was higher in the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth ( p < 0.05). The total bracket re-bonding rate was 22.64%, and the bonding failure rate and position error rates accounted for 15.09% and 7.55%, respectively. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to test the difference between the maxilla and mandible for each variable. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dependent variables (age, sex, treatment stage, skeletal divergence, and tooth position) and the bracket bonding failure rate. Crossover frequency analysis was used to analyze the total bracket re-bonding, bonding failure, and position error rates in different tooth positions of the maxilla and mandible. Proportion analysis was used to calculate the total bracket re-bonding rate and respective proportions of bonding failure and position error. Ceramic self-ligating brackets and metal tubes were used in this study. This study aimed to evaluate the failure rates and relevant factors of bonded orthodontic brackets with a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-based 3D-printed indirect bonding jig system (IDBS) using 2531 natural teeth selected from 99 orthodontic patients.

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